Title : Common African foods mitigated derangement in haematological and coagulation parameters induced by potassium bromate in animal model
Abstract:
Background: This study examined the ameliorative effects of extracts from two common African foods, Parkia biglobosa (P. biglobosa) seed and Corchorus olitorius (C. olitorius) leaves, on haematological and coagulation parameters in rats treated with potassium bromate (KBrO3). KBrO3 is widely known for its deleterious impact on blood parameters. This experimental study sought to investigate the potential protective impacts of P. biglobosa and C. olitorius extracts against these harmful effects.
Methodology: The plant materials were collected and extracted with soxhlet extractor using 95% ethanol as the solvent. Forty-eight adult Wistar rats were acclimatized under laboratory conditions and were randomly grouped into eight groups of six rats each. Animals in group 1 were given distilled water only (normal control). Animals in groups 2 to 8 were daily administered 100 mg/kg body weight of KBrO3. Those in group 2 were not treated further. Animals in groups 3 and 4 were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of P. biglobosa respectively. Those in groups 5 and 6 were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of C. olitorius respectively. Those in groups 7 and 8 were treated with 50 mg/kg of P. biglobosa + 50 mg/kg of C. olitorius and 100 mg/kg of P. biglobosa + 100 mg/kg body weight of C. olitorius respectively. All extracts were freshly prepared on daily basis and administered to rats by oral gavage for 28 days. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture. Haematological and coagulation parameters were determined using standard methods and data were analysed using Graph Pad Prism.
Results: Our findings showed that haemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells and prothrombin time were perturbed from 17.26±2.84 g/dL, 5.12±0.83 x1012/L, 9.12±1.05 x109/L and 11.67±2.15 sec respectively in normal control animals to 13.25±1.25 g/dL, 3.47±0.22 x1012/L, 7.03±1.37 x109/L and 19.53±2.83 sec in KBrO3–treated animals. Both extracts of P. biglobosa seed and C. olitorius leaves treatments significantly improved red blood cell parameters (including Haemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume, and Red Blood Cell count) and white blood cell parameters (including White Blood Cell count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes). Furthermore, these extracts displayed a beneficial effect on coagulation factors, notably normalizing Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, and Thrombin Time, while enhancing Fibrinogen and Vitamin K levels. The combination of both extracts exhibited a synergistic effect, with more significant improvements noted at higher doses.
Conclusion: These results suggest that these commonly consumed African foods may possess protective properties against KBrO3-induced haematological disruption and coagulation defects in this animal model. Further research is needed to extrapolate these findings to humans and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved in these protective effects.
Audience Take Away:
- The toxicity of Potassium Bromate, a common food addictive.
- Health benefits of common African foods.
- Therapeutic effects of African foods.
- Research design using animal model.
