Title : Community-based diabetes screening in adults aged 35-60 years at Kambuga hospital, Southwestern Uganda
Abstract:
Background:
Diabetes mellitus is a growing health concern globally, with increasing prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. In Uganda, 3 in 10 people have Diabetes, 4.4 % have high cholesterol, Obesity has increased from 16% to 27 % according to UDHS 2022, the prevalence of diabetes has been rising, yet many cases remain undiagnosed. Effective screening can help in early detection and management, potentially reducing the incidence of diabetes-related complications. This study investigates the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes among adults aged 35-60 years attending the outpatient department (OPD) at Kambuga Hospital and evaluates the impact of a community-based screening initiative.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2024. Adults aged 35-60 years attending the OPD at Kambuga Hospital were invited to participate in the screening program. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information on demographic details, lifestyle factors, and family history of diabetes. Physical measurements included height, weight, and waist circumference. Blood glucose levels were assessed using both fasting blood glucose (FBG) and random blood glucose (RBG) tests. Participants were categorized into diabetes, pre-diabetes, and normal glucose tolerance groups based on their test results. Data were analysed to determine the prevalence of diabetes and associated risk factors.
Results:
Out of 1,500 individuals screened, 350 met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate. The study revealed a 12.5% prevalence of diabetes and an 18.3% prevalence of pre-diabetes among the participants. Unhealthy Eating, Obesity, physical inactivity, and a family history of diabetes were identified as significant risk factors. The screening program successfully detected several previously undiagnosed cases, highlighting a substantial burden of diabetes in this population.
Conclusion:
The screening program at Kambuga Hospital demonstrated a high prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes among adults aged 35-60 years, indicating a critical need for routine community-based screening. The findings suggest that many cases of diabetes remain undiagnosed and emphasize the importance of early detection to manage and mitigate the disease's impact.
Way Forward:
it is recommended that Kambuga Hospital establish a regular, systematic screening program integrated into routine healthcare services. Community health education initiatives should be enhanced to promote awareness about diabetes risk factors and encourage lifestyle modifications. Collaboration with local health authorities and stakeholders is essential to ensure the sustainability of these programs. Additionally, healthcare providers should receive training on diabetes management and prevention strategies.
