Prevalence and characterization of extended-spectrum β-Lactamase-producing antibiotic-resistant Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae in ready-to-eat street foods

The global rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, represents a significant public health concern. This study investigated the prevalence and molecular characterization of ESBL-producing strains in ready-to-eat (RTE) street foods, which are often overlooked as potential sources of bacterial transmission. Given the widespread consumption of street food, especially in low- and middle-income countries, understanding the role of these foods in disseminating antibiotic-resistant pathogens is critical.

A total of 150 RTE street food samples were collected from various vendors across di?erent locations. The bacterial isolation and identification were performed using standard microbiological techniques, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disk di?usion method. ESBL production was confirmed through the double-disc synergy test. Further molecular analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to detect key ESBL genes such as blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM, which are commonly associated with multidrug resistance (MDR).

The results revealed that 30% of the street food samples were contaminated with either E. coli or K. pneumoniae. Among these, 45% were confirmed to be ESBL producers. Alarmingly, these ESBL-producing strains exhibited resistance to a wide range of antibiotics, including third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and ?uoroquinolones, highlighting the multidrug-resistant nature of these pathogens. The detected ESBL genes (blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM*) are globally recognized markers of antibiotic resistance, further emphasizing the severity of the findings.

This study underscores the public health risks posed by RTE street foods as potential reservoirs and vehicles for the spread of ESBL-producing, antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These findings point to the urgent need for enhanced food safety protocols, improved hygiene practices among street food vendors, and stricter regulatory measures. Furthermore, the study calls for increased public awareness of the potential risks associated with consuming contaminated street foods and advocates for stronger antimicrobial stewardship e?orts to curb the misuse of antibiotics in both clinical and agricultural sectors.

The implications of this research are far-reaching, as the transmission of multidrug-resistant pathogens through food consumption could complicate the management of infections, particularly in settings where healthcare access is limited. This presentation highlights the critical need for a coordinated global response to mitigate the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria through food, ensuring a safer and healthier future.